Figure 4

Empirical fundamental diagrams for pedestrian movement in planar facilities as reported by design manuals ((Weidmann 1993 ) – WM – and - (Predtechenskii and Milinskiı̆ 1978 ) – PM) and also data points related to experimental measurements (respectively carried out in the context of the Hajj in Saudi Arabia by (Helbing et al. 2007 ) – Helbing – and in the city of Osaka, in Japan, by (Mori and Tsukaguchi 1987 ) – MT).