Figure 4

Cholera outbreak sources and error in detecting outbreak sources for random reporting node placement. (A) River networks and cumulated outbreak pattern of cholera in 2010 in the Cameroon Far North region. (B) Road connectivity influencing people mobility; in this case we use the radiation model for estimating mobility fluxes for consistency with the other epidemic considered. (C) N _o /N×100 is the percentage of randomly placed nodes for the cholera epidemic. The frequency distributions are about the “hop” that is the error distance from the detected to the real outbreak sources. The map is showing the detected sources (red dots) for N _o /N×100=20%. For the cholera case 1 hop = 2.2 km.