Fig. 2

Heuristics through the individual-based model. Based on the relativity defaults set by the model as an interconnected condition, the system becomes highly sensitive to small changes in the scalar values (i.e., social ties) of individuals at a certain point. The horizontal axis of the normal distribution denotes a scalar [(\( x \)) = social ties in this simulation) from 0 to 1, and the vertical axis represents the probability density at the scalar value (\( x \)). This suggests that if the individual fails to keep the trait (blue area = range from St 0.55→) about the nearby individual, the displacement (red bars) will exponentially decay (dotted lines). The Fermi distribution (red and blue line) specifies that an available strategy (\( x \)) will be occupied by the other strategy (\( x_{f} \)) with probability \( \left[ {1 + e^{{ - \beta \left[ {x - x_{f} } \right]}} } \right]^{ - 1} \)